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Psilocybin mushrooms, also known as psychedelic mushrooms, are mushrooms that contain the psychedelic compounds psilocybin and psilocin. Common colloquial terms include magic mushrooms and Psilocybin mushrooms have likely been used since prehistoric times and may have been depicted in rock art and pre-Columbian historical materials in Mesoamerica. Many cultures have used these mushrooms in their religious rites and ceremonies. ==History== ===Early=== Archaeological evidence indicates the use of psilocybin-containing mushrooms since ancient times. Several mesolithic rock paintings from Tassili n'Ajjer (a prehistoric North African site identified with the Capsian culture) have been identified by author John S. Ashley as possibly depicting the shamanic use of mushrooms, possibly ''Psilocybe''.〔 Hallucinogenic species of the psilocybe genus have a history of use among the native peoples of Mesoamerica for religious communion, divination, and healing, from pre-Columbian times to the present day. Mushroom stones and motifs have been found in Guatemala.〔Stamets (1996), p. 11.〕 A statuette dating from ca. 200 AD and depicting a mushroom strongly resembling ''Psilocybe mexicana'' was found in a west Mexican shaft and chamber tomb in the state of Colima. A ''Psilocybe'' species was known to the Aztecs as ''teonanácatl'' (literally "divine mushroom" - agglutinative form of ''teó'' (god, sacred) and ''nanácatl'' (mushroom) in Náhuatl) and were reportedly served at the coronation of the Aztec ruler Moctezuma II in 1502. Aztecs and Mazatecs referred to psilocybin mushrooms as genius mushrooms, divinatory mushrooms, and wondrous mushrooms, when translated into English.〔Stamets (1996), p. 7.〕 Bernardino de Sahagún reported ritualistic use of ''teonanácatl'' by the Aztecs, when he traveled to Central America after the expedition of Hernán Cortés.〔 After the Spanish conquest, Catholic missionaries campaigned against the cultural tradition of the Aztecs, dismissing the Aztecs as idolaters, and the use of hallucinogenic plants and mushrooms, like other pre-Christian traditions, were quickly suppressed.〔 The Spanish believed the mushroom allowed the Aztecs and others to communicate with devils. In converting people to Catholicism, the Spanish pushed for a switch from ''teonanácatl'' to the Catholic sacrament of the Eucharist. Despite this history, in some remote areas the use of ''teonanácatl'' has remained.〔 The first mention of hallucinogenic mushrooms in European medicinal literature appeared in the London Medical and Physical Journal in 1799: a man had served ''Psilocybe semilanceata'' mushrooms that he had picked for breakfast in London's Green Park to his family. The doctor who treated them later described how the youngest child "was attacked with fits of immoderate laughter, nor could the threats of his father or mother refrain him."〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「psilocybin mushroom」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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